![]() The Deutsche Bundesbank and the International Monetary Fund (International Financial Statistics) are the main sources of historical data. ![]() Data are also sourced from other BIS member central banks for periods not covered by the ECB or the Federal Reserve. The European Central Bank (ECB) is the primary source of daily data for the most recent periods, complemented by data from the US Federal Reserve. The exchange rates series are compiled combining several sources, ensuring the highest possible level of consistency. The data set also includes long historical series, which are backdated with comparable low-frequency historical data. The time series are calculated as end-of-period or averages over daily data. These series typically feature longer time spans than the daily series and start around 1957. The data set also includes monthly, quarterly and annual series which cover approximately 190 economies. Most daily series start around 1970, while 14 currencies have data going back to 1950. The data set features daily series for around 80 economies. A decrease (increase) indicates an appreciation (depreciation) of the currency against the USD. They record the nominal value of one US dollar (USD) relative to a given currency. Caveat lector.The bilateral exchange rate data set contains long time series on US dollar nominal exchange rates. Exchange rates can vary considerably even within a year and so current rates may differ markedly from those shown here. Some of the data for 2003 refers to rates on May 28 for countries beginning with A-E, and June 2 for countries listed F-Z. Some of the data for the years 1997-2002 refers to the rate on, or close to, January 1 of that year. The data are taken at varying times of the year or maybe the average for the whole year. The exchange rates of advanced economies, such as those of Japan or Hong Kong, against the dollar tend to fluctuate up and down, representing much shorter-term relative economic strengths, rather than move consistently in a particular direction. If the number consistently increases through time, then it is a strong indication that the economy of the country or countries using that currency are in a less robust state than that of the United States (see e.g., the Turkish lira). However, it is useful to look at the variation over time of a particular exchange rate. Then all the numbers in the table would be multiplied by one hundred, but it does not mean all the world's currencies just got weaker. dollar could be rebased tomorrow so that 1 new dollar was worth 100 old dollars. The magnitude of the numbers in the list does not indicate, by themselves, the strength or weakness of a particular currency. ![]() For example, if there are ¥120 to the dollar and €1.2 to the dollar then the number of yen per euro is 120/1.2 = 100. The value of a currency relative to a third currency may be obtained by dividing one U.S. An exchange rate between two currencies fluctuates over time. An exchange rate represents the value of one currency in another. dollar, at present the most widely traded currency in the world. Listed below is a table of historical exchange rates relative to the U.S. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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